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Fundamental interaction. In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four conventionally accepted fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Each one is described mathematically as a field. The gravitational force is modelled as a continuous classical field. The other three, part of the Standard Model of particle physics, are described as discrete quantum fields, and their interactions are each carried by a quantum, an elementary particle. In his 1. 68. 7 theory, Isaac Newton postulated space as an infinite and unalterable physical structure existing before, within, and around all objects while their states and relations unfold at a constant pace everywhere, thus absolute space and time. Inferring that all objects bearing mass approach at a constant rate, but collide by impact proportional to their masses, Newton inferred that matter exhibits an attractive force. His law of universal gravitation mathematically stated it to span the entire universe instantly (despite absolute time), or, if not actually a force, to be instant interaction among all objects (despite absolute space.) As conventionally interpreted, Newton's theory of motion modelled a central force without a communicating medium. Thus Newton's theory violated the first principle of mechanical philosophy, as stated by Descartes, No action at a distance. Conversely, during the 1. Michael Faraday inferred a field filling space and transmitting that force. Faraday conjectured that ultimately, all forces unified into one. In the early 1. 87. James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism as effects of an electromagnetic field whose third consequence was light, travelling at constant speed in a vacuum. The electromagnetic field theory contradicted predictions of Newton's theory of motion, unless physical states of the luminiferous aether—presumed to fill all space whether within matter or in a vacuum and to manifest the electromagnetic field—aligned all phenomena and thereby held valid the Newtonian principle relativity or invariance. The exchange of bosons always carries energy and momentum between the fermions, thereby changing their speed and direction. The exchange may also transport a charge between the fermions, changing the charges of the fermions in the process (e. Since bosons carry one unit of angular momentum, the fermion's spin direction will flip from +? Planck's constant). Potřebujete poradit? Nevíte, jaké zvolit palubky či podlahovky? Zeptejte se odborníků na palubky a podlahovky. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Because an interaction results in fermions attracting and repelling each other, an older term for "interaction" is force. According to the present understanding, there are four fundamental interactions or forces: gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. Cocoon at MDRNTY Cruise Mediterranean Sea / Genova - Barcelona - Mallorca - Ibiza / Italy - Spain. Sven Väth / Ilario Alicante / André Galluzzi / Anthea / Christian. Liquid Market Definition | Investopedia www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidmarket.asp In a liquid market. The opposite of a liquid market is called a "thin market. Their magnitude and behaviour vary greatly, as described in the table below. Modern physics attempts to explain every observed physical phenomenon by these fundamental interactions. Moreover, reducing the number of different interaction types is seen as desirable. ![]() Libre-partage.com: un site de téléchargement de films, series tv gratuit sur uptobox, multiup et 1fichier sans lien de redirection et sans pub.Two cases in point are the unification of. Electric and magnetic force into electromagnetism. The electromagnetic interaction and the weak interaction into the electroweak interaction; see below. Both magnitude ("relative strength") and "range", as given in the table, are meaningful only within a rather complex theoretical framework. It should also be noted that the table below lists properties of a conceptual scheme that is still the subject of ongoing research. Gravitation was the first interaction to be described mathematically. In ancient times, Aristotle hypothesized that objects of different masses fall at different rates. During the Scientific Revolution, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this was not the case — neglecting the friction due to air resistance, and buoyancy forces if an atmosphere is present (e. Earth at the same rate. Isaac Newton's law of Universal Gravitation (1. Our present- day understanding of gravitation stems from Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity of 1. Merging general relativity and quantum mechanics (or quantum field theory) into a more general theory of quantum gravity is an area of active research. It is hypothesized that gravitation is mediated by a massless spin- 2 particle called the graviton. The 1. 94. 7 discovery of the pion ushered in the modern era of particle physics. Hundreds of hadrons were discovered from the 1. Most notably. The pions were understood to be oscillations of vacuum condensates. Jun John Sakurai proposed the rho and omega vector bosons to be force carrying particles for approximate symmetries of isospin and hypercharge. Geoffrey Chew, Edward K. Burdett and Steven Frautschi grouped the heavier hadrons into families that could be understood as vibrational and rotational excitations of strings. While each of these approaches offered deep insights, no approach led directly to a fundamental theory. Wanless D. Securing our future health: taking a long‐term view ‐ interim report. London: HM Treasury, 2. ![]() Raising a family is hard work but we've got some helpful advice to hopefully make it a little easier at Mirror.co.uk. During the past 22 years our team has been associated with approximately $4 billion of asset financings, including thousands of mobile phone mast lease premiums. Our latest news, UK news, International news. posted 14/12/2016. Workshop III in Burreli Albania. Burrell in Albania held a workshop from November24th until.
Pronect Team advised by Wanless D. The review of health and social care in Wales. Welsh Assembly Government 2. Wanless D. Securing good health for the whole population ‐ final report. London: HM Treasury, 2. NICE Guidlines on nutrition support in adults. London: NICE, 2. 00. Royal College of Physicians Nutrition ‐ a doctor's responsibility. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2. Royal College of Physicians Storing up problems. The medical case for a slimmer nation. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2. Department of Gastroenterology Division of Medicine (http: //www. January 2. 00. 7). Miami: University of Miami, 2. Körner E. First report to the secretary of state of the steering group on health services information. London: HMSO, 1. 98. Cleary R, Beard R, Coles J. Comparative hospital databases: value for management and quality. Qual Health Care 1. PMC free article][Pub. Med]1. 0. Dixon J, Sanderson C, Elliott P. Assessment of the reproducibility of clinical coding in routinely collected hospital activity data: a study in two hospitals. J Public Health Med 1. Pub. Med]1. 1. Williams J G, Mann R Y. Hospital episode statistics: time for clinicians to get involved? Clin Med 2. 00. 22. PMC free article][Pub. Med]1. 2. Nguyen‐Van‐Tam J N, Logan R. Digestive diseases. In: The health of adult Britain, 1. London: HMSO, 1. 99. Goldacre M J. Cause‐specific mortality: understanding uncertain tips of the disease iceberg. J Epidemiol Community Health 1. PMC free article][Pub. Med]1. 4. Quinn M, Babb P, Brock A. Cancer trends in England and Wales, 1. London: The Stationary Office, 2. Mohammed I, Cherkas L F, Riley S A. Genetic influences in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: a twin study. Gut 2. 00. 35. 21. PMC free article][Pub. Med]1. 6. Mahmood Z, Mc. Namara D. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Suppl 3)3. 1–3. 7. Pub. Med]1. 7. Nilsson M, Lagergren J. The relation between body mass and gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2. Pub. Med]1. 8. Kang J Y. Systematic review: geographical and ethnic differences in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Pub. Med]1. 9. Mahadeva S, Raman M C, Ford A C. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux is more prevalent in Western dyspeptics: a prospective comparison of British and South‐East Asian patients with dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Pub. Med]2. 0. Spechler S J. Epidemiology and natural history of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 1. 99. 25. Suppl 1)2. 4–2. 9. Pub. Med]2. 1. Delaney B C. Review article: prevalence and epidemiology of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Suppl 8)2–4. [Pub. Med]2. 2. Kennedy T M, Jones R H. The prevalence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms in a UK population and the consultation behaviour of patients with these symptoms. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Pub. Med]2. 3. Kulig M, Nocon M, Vieth M. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: methodology and first epidemiological results of the Pro. GERD study. J Clin Epidemiol 2. Pub. Med]2. 4. Pisegna J, Holtmann G, Howden C W. Review article: oesophageal complications and consequences of persistent gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2. Suppl 9)4. 7–5. 6. Pub. Med]2. 5. Ford A C, Forman D, Reynolds P D. A retrospective case control study to determine the risk of Barrett's oesophagus according to ethnic origin. Am J Epidemiol 2. Pub. Med]2. 6. Caygill C P, Watson A, Lao‐Sirieix P. Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2. PMC free article][Pub. Med]2. 7. Bartlesman J F, Hameeteman W, Tytgat G N. Barrett's oesophagus. Eur J Cancer Prev 1. Pub. Med]2. 8. Solaymani‐Dodaran M, Coupland C, Logan R F. Risk of oesophageal cancer in Barrett's oesophagus and in gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Gut 2. 00. 35. 2A2. Todd J A, Johnston D A, Dillon J F. The changing spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Eur J Cancer Prev 2. Pub. Med]3. 0. Caygill C P, Reed P I, Johnston B J. A single centre's 2. Barrett's) oesophagus diagnosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1. Pub. Med]3. 1. Delaney B C, Moayyedi P. Dyspepsia. Health care needs assessment. Oxford, 2. 00. 5 ( http: //hcna. December 2. 00. 6) 3. Neumann C S, Cooper B T. Ethnic differences in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1. Pub. Med]3. 3. Kang J Y, Ho K Y. Different prevalences of reflux oesophagitis and hiatus hernia among dyspeptic patients in England and Singapore. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1. Pub. Med]3. 4. Delaney B, Moayyedi P. Dyspepsia ‐ HCNA. Health care needs assessment. Oxford, 2. 00. 5 ( http: //hcna. December 2. 00. 6) 3. Corder A P, Jones R H, Sadler G H. Heartburn, oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus in self‐medicating patients in general practice. Br J Clin Pract 1. Pub. Med]3. 6. Penston J G, Pounder R E. A survey of dyspepsia in Great Britain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1. Pub. Med]3. 7. Moayyedi P, Forman D, Braunholtz D. The proportion of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the community associated with Helicobacter pylori, lifestyle factors, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Leeds HELP Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol 2. Pub. Med]3. 8. Jones R H, Lydeard S, Hobbs F. Dyspepsia in England and Scotland. Gut 1. 99. 03. 14. PMC free article][Pub. Med]3. 9. Jones R H, Lydeard S. Prevalence of symptoms of dyspepsia in the community. BMJ 1. 98. 92. 98. PMC free article][Pub. Med]4. 0. Kennedy T M, Jones R H, Hungin A P. Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro‐oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness in the general population. Gut 1. 99. 84. 37. PMC free article][Pub. Med]4. 1. Weir R D, Backett E M. Studies of the epidemiology of peptic ulcer in a rural community: prevalence and natural history of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Gut 1. 96. 89. 75–8. PMC free article][Pub. Med]4. 2. Woodward M, Morrison C E, Mc. Coll K E. The prevalence of dyspepsia and use of antisecretory medication in North Glasgow: role of Helicobacter pylori vs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1. Pub. Med]4. 3. Jones R H, Lydeard S. Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. BMJ 1. 99. 23. 04. PMC free article][Pub. Med]4. 4. Gill D, Mayou R, Dawes M. Presentation, management and course of angina and suspected angina in primary care. J Psychosom Res 1. Pub. Med]4. 5. Davie A P, Caesar D, Caruana L. Outcome from a rapid‐assessment chest pain clinic. Q J Med 1. 99. 89. Pub. Med]4. 6. Potts S G, Bass C M. Psychosocial outcome and use of medical resources in patients with chest pain and normal or near‐normal coronary arteries: a long‐term follow‐up study. Q J Med 1. 99. 38. Pub. Med]4. 7. Grainger S L, Klass H J, Rake M O. Prevalence of dyspepsia: the epidemiology of overlapping symptoms. Postgrad Med J 1. PMC free article][Pub. Med]4. 8. Doll R, Avery Jones F, Buckatzsch M M. Occupational factors in the aetiology of gastric and dudenal ulcers, with an estimate of their incidence in the general population. London: HMSO, 1. 95. MRC special report series, No, 2. Pub. Med]4. 9. Ford A, Delaney B, Forman D. Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2. CD0. 03. 84. 0 [Pub. Med]5. 0. Harvey R F, Spence R W, Lane J A. Relationship between the birth cohort pattern of Helicobacter pylori infection and the epidemiology of duodenal ulcer. Q J Med 2. 00. 29. Pub. Med]5. 1. Johnsen R, Straume B, Forde O H. Peptic ulcer and non‐ulcer dyspepsia—a disease and a disorder. Scand J Primary Health Care 1. Pub. Med]5. 2. Bernersen B, Johnsen R, Straume B. Non‐ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer: the distribution in a population and their relation to risk factors. Gut 1. 99. 63. 88. PMC free article][Pub. Med]5. 3. Talley N J, O'Keefe E, Zinsmeister A. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population‐based study. Gastroenterology 1. Pub. Med]5. 4. Kay L, Jorgensen T. Epidemiology of upper dyspepsia in a random population. Prevalence, incidence, natural history, and risk factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1. Family: news and advice - real life & celebrity. This website uses cookies. Using this website means you are okay with this but you can find out more and learn how to manage your cookie choices here. Close cookie policy overlay. Matisse's Glossary of Internet Terms. The URL of this document is. Feel free to make links to that URL. ![]() Back to Index. 1x. RTT - - (Single Carrier (1x) Radio Transmission Technology)A wireless communications protocol used for connections to networks by devices such as laptop computers. RTT has the capability of providing data transfer speeds of up to 1. RTT is a built on top of another widely used protocol, CDMA and is also called CMDA2. See also: bps, CDMA, Network, Protocol. Back to Index. ADN - - (Advanced Digital Network)Usually refers to a 5. Kbpsleased- line. See also: bps, Leased Line. ADSL - - (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)A DSL line where the upload speed is different from the download speed. Usually the download speed is much greater. See also: Download, DSL, SDSL, Upload. Ajax - - (Asynchronous Java. Script and XML)A way of including content in a web page in which javascript code in the web page fetches some data from a server and displays it without re- fetching the entire surrounding page at the same time (hence the 'Asynchronous'). Often (but not always) the data fetched by the javascript code is in XML format. It is common for Ajax applications to update the Ajax content multiple times without the surrounding page needing to be updated even once. A simple example of Ajax would be a weather- forecast box in the middle of a web page. Ajax could be used to populate the box every 5 minutes without needing to refresh the surrounding page. See also: Java. Script, Web page, XMLAnonymous FTPSee also: FTPApache. The most common web server (or HTTP server) software on the Internet. Apache is an open- source application originally created from a series of changes ("patches") made to a web server written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the same place the Mosaic web browser was created. Apache is designed as a set of modules, enabling administrators to choose which features they wish to use and making it easy to add features to meet specific needs including handling protocols other than the web- standard HTTP. See also: HTTP, mod_perl, Mosaic, Server. Applet. A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. ![]() Applets differ from full- fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems, printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network. The common rule is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer from which the applet was sent. See also: HTML, Java. Application Server. Server software that manages one or more other pieces of software in a way that makes the managed software available over a network, usually to a Web server. 3 Processing Raw Text. The most important source of texts is undoubtedly the Web. It's convenient to have existing text collections to explore, such as the corpora we. Generates HTML pages of API documentation from Java source files. This document contains Javadoc™ examples for Microsoft Windows. By having a piece of software manage other software packages it is possible to use resources like memory and database access more efficiently than if each of the managed packages responded directly to requests. See also: ASP, Server. Archie. A tool (software) for finding files stored on anonymous FTP sites. You need to know the exact file name or a substring of it. By 1. 99. 9 Archie. Back when FTP was the main way people moved files over the Internet archie was quite popular. See also: FTPARPANet - - (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)The precursor to the Internet. Developed in the late 6. US Department of Defense as an experiment in wide- area- networking to connect together computers that were each running different system so that people at one location could use computing resources from another location. See also: Internet (Upper case I), Network, WANASCII - - (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)This is the de- facto world- wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the upper and lower- case Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 1. 28 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by a 7 digit binary number: 0. ASP - - (Application Service Provider)A organization (usually a business) that runs one or more applications on their own servers and provides (usually for a fee) access to others. Common examples of services provided this way include web- based software such as Calendar systems, Human Resources tools (timesheets, benefits, etc.), and various applications to help groups collaborate on projects. See also: Application Server, Server. Atom. An evolving protocol for syndication and sharing of content. Atom was being developed as a successor to and improvement over RSS and is more complex than RSS while offering support for additional features such digital signatures, geographic location of author, possibly security/encryption, licensing, etc. Like RSS, Atom is an XML- based specification. See also: RSS, XMLBack to Index. Backbone. A high- speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network. The term is relative as a backbone in a small network will likely be much smaller than many non- backbone lines in a large network. See also: Network. Bandwidth. In common usage the term "bandwidth" is used to describe how much stuff you can send through a network connection, in other words "bandwidth" is used as a synonym for the speed or throughput of the connection. See also: Throughput. Baud. In common usage the "baud" of a modem is how many bits it can send or receive per second. Technically, baud is the number of times per second that the carrier signal shifts value - for example a 1. See also: Bit, Modem. BBS - - (Bulletin Board System)A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time. In the early 1. 99. BBS's around the world, most were very small, running on a single IBM clone PC with 1 or 2 phone lines. Some were very large and the line between a BBS and a system like AOL gets crossed at some point, but it is not clearly drawn. Binary. Information consisting entirely of ones and zeros. Also, commonly used to refer to files that are not simply text files, e. See also: MIME, UUENCODEBinhex - - (BINary HEXadecimal)A method for converting non- text files (non- ASCII) into ASCII. This is needed because Internet e- mail can only handle ASCII. See also: ASCII, MIME, UUENCODEBit - - (Binary Dig. IT)A single digit number in base- 2, in other words, either a 1 or a zero. The smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidthis usually measured in bits- per- second. See also: Bandwidth, Bit, bps, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte. BITNET - - (Because It's Time NETwork (or Because It's There NETwork))A network of educational sites separate from the Internet, but e- mail is freely exchanged between BITNET and the Internet. Listservs®, a popular form of e- mail discussion groups, originated on BITNET. At its peak (the late 1. BITNET machines were usually mainframes, often running IBM's MVS operating system. BITNET is probably the only international network that is shrinking. See also: Internet (Upper case I), Listserv ®, Network. Blog - - (we. B LOG)A blog is basically a journal that is available on the.
The activity of updating a blog is "blogging" and someone who keeps a blog is a "blogger.". Blogs are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog. Postings on a blog are almost always arranged in chronological order with the most recent additions featured most prominently. It is common for blogs to be available as RSS feeds. See also: Blogosphere or Blogsphere, RSSBlogosphere or Blogsphere. The current state of all information available on blogs and/or the sub- culture of those who create and use blogs. See also: Blogbps - - (Bits- Per- Second)A measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 5. 6K modem can move about 5. See also: Bandwidth, Bit. Broadband. Generally refers to connections to the Internet with much greater bandwidth than you can get with a modem. Portable Document Format - Wikipedia. The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.[3] Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed- layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. History and standardization[edit]PDF was developed in the early 1. It was among a number of competing formats such as Dj. Vu, Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own Post. Script format. In those early years before the rise of the World Wide Web and HTML documents, PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishingworkflows. Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1. PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2. International Organization for Standardization as ISO 3. ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2. 00. 8, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 3. Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF compliant implementations.[8]However, there are still some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture (XFA) and Java. Script extension for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 3. ISO 3. 20. 00- 1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website.[9][1. Many of them are also not supported by popular third- party implementations of PDF. So when organizations publish PDFs which use these proprietary technologies, they present accessibility issues for some users. On July 2. 8, 2. 01. ISO 3. 20. 00- 2 was published by the ISO. Technical foundations[edit]The PDF combines three technologies: A subset of the Post. Script page description programming language, for generating the layout and graphics. A font- embedding/replacement system to allow fonts to travel with the documents. A structured storage system to bundle these elements and any associated content into a single file, with data compression where appropriate. Post. Script[edit]Post. Script is a page description language run in an interpreter to generate an image, a process requiring many resources. It can handle graphics and standard features of programming languages such as if and loop commands. PDF is largely based on Post. Script but simplified to remove flow control features like these, while graphics commands such as lineto remain. Often, the Post. Script- like PDF code is generated from a source Post. Script file. The graphics commands that are output by the Post. Script code are collected and tokenized. Any files, graphics, or fonts to which the document refers also are collected. Then, everything is compressed to a single file. Therefore, the entire Post. Script world (fonts, layout, measurements) remains intact. As a document format, PDF has several advantages over Post. Script: PDF contains tokenized and interpreted results of the Post. Script source code, for direct correspondence between changes to items in the PDF page description and changes to the resulting page appearance. PDF (from version 1. Post. Script does not. Post. Script is an interpreted programming language with an implicit global state, so instructions accompanying the description of one page can affect the appearance of any following page. Therefore, all preceding pages in a Post. Script document must be processed to determine the correct appearance of a given page, whereas each page in a PDF document is unaffected by the others. As a result, PDF viewers allow the user to quickly jump to the final pages of a long document, whereas a Post. Script viewer needs to process all pages sequentially before being able to display the destination page (unless the optional Post. Script Document Structuring Conventions have been carefully complied with). Technical overview[edit]File structure[edit]A PDF file is a 7- bit ASCII file, except for certain elements that may have binary content. A PDF file starts with a header containing the magic number and the version of the format such as %PDF- 1. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format.[1. A COS tree file consists primarily of objects, of which there are eight types: [1. Boolean values, representing true or false. Numbers. Strings, enclosed within parentheses ((..)), may contain 8- bit characters. Names, starting with a forward slash (/)Arrays, ordered collections of objects enclosed within square brackets ([..])Dictionaries, collections of objects indexed by Names enclosed within double pointy brackets (< <..> > )Streams, usually containing large amounts of data, which can be compressed and binary. The null object. Furthermore, there may be comments, introduced with the percent sign (%). Comments may contain 8- bit characters. Objects may be either direct (embedded in another object) or indirect. Indirect objects are numbered with an object number and a generation number and defined between the obj and endobj keywords. An index table, also called the cross- reference table and marked with the xref keyword, follows the main body and gives the byte offset of each indirect object from the start of the file.[1. This design allows for efficient random access to the objects in the file, and also allows for small changes to be made without rewriting the entire file (incremental update). Beginning with PDF version 1. This technique reduces the size of files that have large numbers of small indirect objects and is especially useful for Tagged PDF. At the end of a PDF file is a trailer introduced with the trailer keyword. It contains. A dictionary. An offset to the start of the cross- reference table (the table starting with the xref keyword)And the %%EOFend- of- file marker. The dictionary contains. A reference to the root object of the tree structure, also known as the catalog. The count of indirect objects in the cross- reference table. And other optional information. There are two layouts to the PDF files: non- linear (not "optimized") and linear ("optimized"). Non- linear PDF files consume less disk space than their linear counterparts, though they are slower to access because portions of the data required to assemble pages of the document are scattered throughout the PDF file. Linear PDF files (also called "optimized" or "web optimized" PDF files) are constructed in a manner that enables them to be read in a Web browser plugin without waiting for the entire file to download, since they are written to disk in a linear (as in page order) fashion.[1. PDF files may be optimized using Adobe Acrobat software or QPDF. Imaging model[edit]The basic design of how graphics are represented in PDF is very similar to that of Post. Script, except for the use of transparency, which was added in PDF 1. PDF graphics use a device- independent. Cartesian coordinate system to describe the surface of a page. A PDF page description can use a matrix to scale, rotate, or skew graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the graphics state, which is a collection of graphical parameters that may be changed, saved, and restored by a page description. PDF has (as of version 1. Vector graphics[edit]As in Post. Script, vector graphics in PDF are constructed with paths. Paths are usually composed of lines and cubic Bézier curves, but can also be constructed from the outlines of text. Unlike Post. Script, PDF does not allow a single path to mix text outlines with lines and curves. Paths can be stroked, filled, clipping. Strokes and fills can use any color set in the graphics state, including patterns. PDF supports several types of patterns. The simplest is the tiling pattern in which a piece of artwork is specified to be drawn repeatedly. This may be a colored tiling pattern, with the colors specified in the pattern object, or an uncolored tiling pattern, which defers color specification to the time the pattern is drawn. VB.Net Forms - Learn VB.Net Programming in simple and easy steps starting from Environment setup, Basic Syntax, Data Types, Type Conversion, Variables, Constants. · VB.NET: Ask questions about Microsoft's VB.NET programming language. MSDN Magazine Issues and Downloads. Read the magazine online, download a formatted digital version of each issue, or grab sample code and apps. I need to generate a random integer between 1 and n (where n is a positive whole number) to use for a unit test. I don't need something overly complicated to ensure. VB. Net - Forms. Let's start with creating a Window Forms Application by following the following steps in Microsoft Visual Studio: File - > New Project - > Windows Forms Applications. Finally, select OK, Microsoft Visual Studio creates your project and displays following window Form with a name Form. Visual Basic Form is the container for all the controls that make up the user interface. Every window you see in a running visual basic application is a form, thus the terms form and window describe the same entity. Visual Studio creates a default form for you when you create a Windows Forms Application. Every form will have title bar on which the form's caption is displayed and there will be buttons to close, maximize and minimize the form shown below: If you click the icon on the top left corner, it opens the control menu, which contains the various commands to control the form like to move control from one place to another place, to maximize or minimize the form or to close the form. Form Properties. Following table lists down various important properties related to a form. These properties can be set or read during application execution. You can refer to Microsoft documentation for a complete list of properties associated with a Form control: S. NProperties. Description. Accept. Button. The button that's automatically activated when you press Enter, no matter which control has the focus at the time. Usually the OK button on a form is set as Accept. Button for a form. Cancel. Button. The button that's automatically activated when you hit the Esc key. Usually, the Cancel button on a form is set as Cancel. Button for a form. Auto. Scale. This Boolean property determines whether the controls you place on the form are automatically scaled to the height of the current font. The default value of this property is True. This is a property of the form, but it affects the controls on the form. ![]() Auto. Scroll. This Boolean property indicates whether scroll bars will be automatically attached to the form if it is resized to a point that not all its controls are visible. Auto. Scroll. Min. How to count distinct records in MS Access. I was updating an Access application the other day and needed to get a distinct count of some records in an Access table.Size. This property lets you specify the minimum size of the form, before the scroll bars are attached. Auto. Scroll. Position. The Auto. Scroll. Position is the number of pixels by which the two scroll bars were displaced from their initial locations. Back. Color. Sets the form background color. Border. Style. The Border. VB.NET Tutorial, VB.NET Help and VB.NET Source code for beginners and advanced users. Download Visual Basic free. Visual Basic 2010 Express is part of the Visual Studio 2010 Express family. This section of FreeVBCode provides free code on the topic of VB.NET/ASP.NET. These free Visual Basic code snippets, examples, and articles are available for you to. Learn how to build a Windows Forms interface that allows you to work with your images database. Style property determines the style of the form's border and the appearance of the form. None: Borderless window that can't be resized. Sizable: This is default value and will be used for resizable window that's used for displaying regular forms. Fixed. 3D: Window with a visible border, "raised" relative to the main area. In this case, windows can't be resized. Fixed. Dialog: A fixed window, used to create dialog boxes. Fixed. Single: A fixed window with a single line border. Fixed. Tool. Window: A fixed window with a Close button only. It looks like the toolbar displayed by the drawing and imaging applications. Sizable. Tool. Window: Same as the Fixed. Tool. Window but resizable. In addition, its caption font is smaller than the usual. Control. Box. By default, this property is True and you can set it to False to hide the icon and disable the Control menu. Enabled. If True, allows the form to respond to mouse and keyboard events; if False, disables form. Font. This property specify font type, style, size. Help. Button. Determines whether a Help button should be displayed in the caption box of the form. Height. This is the height of the Form in pixels. Minimize. Box. By default, this property is True and you can set it to False to hide the Minimize button on the title bar. Maximize. Box. By default, this property is True and you can set it to False to hide the Maximize button on the title bar. Minimum. Size. This specifies the minimum height and width of the window you can minimize. Maximum. Size. This specifies the maximum height and width of the window you maximize. Name. This is the actual name of the form. Start. Position. This property determines the initial position of the form when it's first displayed. It will have any of the following values. Center. Parent: The form is centered in the area of its parent form. Center. Screen: The form is centered on the monitor. Manual: The location and size of the form will determine its starting position. Windows. Default. Bounds: The form is positioned at the default location and size determined by Windows. Windows. Default. Location: The form is positioned at the Windows default location and has the dimensions you've set at design time. Text. The text, which will appear at the title bar of the form. Top, Left. These two properties set or return the coordinates of the form's top- left corner in pixels. Top. Most. This property is a True/False value that lets you specify whether the form will remain on top of all other forms in your application. Its default property is False. Width. This is the width of the form in pixel. Form Methods. The following are some of the commonly used methods of the Form class. You can refer to Microsoft documentation for a complete list of methods associated with forms control: S. N. Method Name & Description. Activate. Activates the form and gives it focus. Activate. Mdi. Child. Activates the MDI child of a form. Add. Owned. Form Adds an owned form to this form. Bring. To. Front Brings the control to the front of the z- order. Center. To. Parent Centers the position of the form within the bounds of the parent form. Center. To. Screen Centers the form on the current screen. Close. Closes the form. Contains Retrieves a value indicating whether the specified control is a child of the control. Focus Sets input focus to the control. Hide Conceals the control from the user. Refresh. Forces the control to invalidate its client area and immediately redraw itself and any child controls. Scale(Size. F) Scales the control and all child controls by the specified scaling factor. Scale. Control Scales the location, size, padding, and margin of a control. Scale. Core Performs scaling of the form. Select Activates the control. Send. To. Back Sends the control to the back of the z- order. Set. Auto. Scroll. Margin. Sets the size of the auto- scroll margins. Set. Desktop. Bounds Sets the bounds of the form in desktop coordinates. Set. Desktop. Location Sets the location of the form in desktop coordinates. Set. Display. Rect. Location Positions the display window to the specified value. Show Displays the control to the user. Show. Dialog Shows the form as a modal dialog box. Form Events. Following table lists down various important events related to a form. You can refer to Microsoft documentation for a complete list of events associated with forms control: S. NEvent. Description. Activated. Occurs when the form is activated in code or by the user. Click. Occurs when the form is clicked. Closed. Occurs before the form is closed. Closing. Occurs when the form is closing. Double. Click. Occurs when the form control is double- clicked. Drag. Drop. Occurs when a drag- and- drop operation is completed. Enter. Occurs when the form is entered. Got. Focus. Occurs when the form control receives focus. Help. Button. Clicked. Occurs when the Help button is clicked. Key. Down. Occurs when a key is pressed while the form has focus. Key. Press. Occurs when a key is pressed while the form has focus. Key. Up. Occurs when a key is released while the form has focus. Load. Occurs before a form is displayed for the first time. Lost. Focus. Occurs when the form loses focus. Mouse. Down. Occurs when the mouse pointer is over the form and a mouse button is pressed. Mouse. Enter. Occurs when the mouse pointer enters the form. Mouse. Hover. Occurs when the mouse pointer rests on the form. Mouse. Leave. Occurs when the mouse pointer leaves the form. Mouse. Move. Occurs when the mouse pointer is moved over the form. Mouse. Up. Occurs when the mouse pointer is over the form and a mouse button is released. How to Mute Tabs in Google Chrome. Your favorite technology company, Google, is working on an upcoming feature that could put the kibosh on autoplaying videos for good. Soon you’ll be able to silence the worst offenders permanently, saving you the headache of searching for a mute button over and over again. The muting feature is still under development, but you can try it out yourself right now. Your favorite technology company, Google, is working on an upcoming feature that could put the kibosh on autoplaying videos for good. Soon you’ll be able to silence. Google Home owners will probably be talking to their living rooms a lot more thanks to an update that lets the voice assistant make phone calls to the U.S. and Canada. You’ll need to install Google Chrome Canary, the developer- focused version of the browser that features newer, but more experimental (and therefore buggier) features. Canary is less stable than your standard version of Google Chrome, so you shouldn’t use it as your default browser. You’ll also need to open Canary from the terminal or command line, adding “—enable- features=Sound. Content. Setting” to your command. You can turn the sound option on or off when you click the site information box in the URL bar (the icon is usually a lowercase “i” or a green lock if you’re on a secure page). One of the great things about Google Chrome is that it offers thousands of third- party extensions…Read more You can mute tabs temporarily by right- clicking on them and selecting Mute Tab. ![]() ![]() If for some reason your Chrome browser doesn’t support tab muting, you can enable it manually, but be warned: enabling experimental features could compromise your security or delete your browsing data. If you type chrome: //flags into your URL bar, you’ll see a list of disabled experimental features; search for “mute” to find the Tab Audio Muting UI Control. Enabling this feature will not only enable the speaker indicator in your tab, but will allow you to right- click and mute said tab, or multiple tabs depending on your selection. It won’t keep that site muted if you decide to close and reopen the tab, but it’ll scratch the itch until this experimental feature gets into the hands of normal Chrome users. Google Chrome to Let Users Permanently Mute Annoying Video Ads That Play Sound Automatically | The Independent.
Eat Me, Drink Me - Wikipedia. Eat Me, Drink Me. ![]() Studio album by Marilyn Manson. Released. June 5, 2. Recorded. October 3. February 2. 6, 2. Hollywood, California. Genre. Length. 52: 1. Label. Interscope. Producer. Marilyn Manson chronology. Singles from Eat Me, Drink Me. Eat Me, Drink Me, stylized as EAT ME, DRINK ME, is the sixth studio album by American rock band Marilyn Manson. It was released on June 5, 2. Interscope Records. It was recorded in a rented home- recording studio in Hollywood by lead vocalist Marilyn Manson and guitarist and bassist Tim Sköld. The album was produced by Manson and Sköld, and mixed by Sean Beavan. Upon release it was met with positive reviews from mainstream music critics. It is the band's first album not to be recorded as a five- piece as John 5 departed from the group in 2. Instead of replacing 5, Tim Sköld remained with bass and played guitar, and the band continued as a four- piece. Manson has stated that he sang most of the album lying down on the studio floor with his hands cupping the studio microphone, resulting in a very distinctive vocal sound. For years, Logitech’s productivity mice have been among the best, with devices like the MX Master 2S helping to bring PC and Mac users together thanks to a cool. Our services have been closed. Thank you for your understanding! Troma Entertainment is an American independent film production and distribution company founded by Lloyd Kaufman and Michael Herz in 1974. The company produces low. No-registration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. We have told you not to stare at the Sun today. We have told you to use safety glasses. We have tried so very hard, and we are so very tired. Of Sköld's compositions a further two are said to have been turned into fully- fledged songs with lyrics, music and vocals completed but were not put onto album for fear of making it overwrought.[3]The album was the last Marilyn Manson album to feature band member Tim Sköld, and spawned two singles ("Heart- Shaped Glasses (When the Heart Guides the Hand)" and "Putting Holes in Happiness"). The band supported the album with the Rape of the World Tour. The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard 2. Development and recording[edit]After spending time around the end of the Grotesk Burlesk Tour in severe depression and contemplating his permanent departure from the music industry, Manson had a change of heart and recorded a duet of "Don't You Want Me" with Shirley Manson. This was originally intended to support the forthcoming best- of release but was felt by both artists not to live up to their standards and has yet to see release. Lest We Forget was released on September 2. It was referred to by the singer as his "farewell" album; however, he insisted that it would not be the final Marilyn Manson album. After the release of the single "Personal Jesus", the band made a number of promotional appearances. Lest We Forget was certified Gold in 2. When promotion for Lest We Forget concluded the band returned to the studio and recorded eight embryonic songs—some of which had vocals, and one notably a tribute to Andy Warhol. It was supported by the Against All Gods Tour. The tour was marked by one release, a 2. EP of "The Nobodies" featuring a new mix of the song (by Chris Vrenna) and other remixes. Manson began his recording sessions on the album in November 2. Phantasmagoria: The Visions of Lewis Carroll, the process of opening an art gallery and personal troubles relating to his marriage. It was after opening the gallery, the Celebritarian Corporation Gallery of Fine Art on Halloween night of 2. Manson really began his contribution as a singer by working out melodies and structures around Sköld's already existing compositions, writing lyrics quickly and usually recording on the same day.[3] One result of this is that the album features six guitar solos from Sköld (comprising 3 minutes, 3. Sköld—feature much less than on a usual Marilyn Manson release. Manson explained that "[he] was writing in the way you would write a diary" and as a result thinks that the record was written from a "more mature musical point of view."[4]“This is the record I've worked all my life to get to. You always have to transform, or you can’t continue as an artist, and this record has been the biggest transformation for me [..] It's better heard than described [..] On this record I really wanted to sing, and that has to come from a naked, emotional place. It's not a record about me crying, or songs about my woes, but I think this record will probably speak to more people in different ways, because of its total human element [..] If I had to do a record review, I’d say it's got a cannibal, consumption, obsessive, violent- sex, romance angle, but with an upbeat swing to it [..] The album's title [Eat Me, Drink Me] was also inspired by that story several years back of the German man who put out an ad that he wanted to be eaten, and the man who ate him. Although I can't relate to the relationship those two had, I found the story very compelling in a romantic way.”— Marilyn Manson, Revolver. It has been stated that there were originally around 2. Sköld, two of which (that did not make the album) Manson considered complete with lyrics and vocals. Manson stated that he had a difficult time cutting some of them, but felt he had to in order to prevent the album from being "diluted". On May 3. 1, the entire album was uploaded for streaming on Marilyn Manson's Myspace page, five days prior to its American release. Concept and themes[edit]"This record is definitely so crucial to my life. I think this record shows a human side of me, shows a vulnerable side of me, which is linked to Lewis Carroll. Christ's mythology with the vampires' mythology."—Marilyn Manson on the album's concept.[5]"Manson probably needed something to shake up his music, which started to become comfortably predictable in the wake of his popular/creative peak of Mechanical Animals, but the stab at soul- baring on Eat Me might not have been the way to do it. But Manson is such a true believer in rock & roll mythos that he's wound up embracing the cliché of the post- divorce confessional album, peppering this album with songs about "broken relationships and new love".[6] Personal songs are unusual for Manson, but that doesn't mean he's abandoned his tendency to write about grand concepts. The difference is that this time around, Manson himself is the grand concept which may give him a lyrical hook, but not a musical one. On a sonic level, this is a bit of "Manson- by- numbers", but it feels as if his usual murky menace has lifted, with the music sounding clearer, less affected, and obtuse, while still retaining much of its gothic romanticism and churning heaviness. If anything, Eat Me is a bit too transparent, as its clean arena rock production makes the album sound safe, a bit too close to Manson cabaret for comfort, especially when he's penning songs whose very titles feel like unwitting self- parodies such as "If I Was Your Vampire", "You and Me and the Devil Makes 3" and "They Said That Hell's Not Hot", or when he lazily spews out profanity as the chorus to "Mutilation Is the Most Sincere Form of Flattery."The most prevalent literary influence of the album and Manson's state of being is that of Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, one of the most notorious books of the Twentieth Century. The song "Heart- Shaped Glasses" is the most obvious nod to Lolita as according to Manson, Evan Rachel Wood is also a huge fan of Nabokov and had deliberately worn heart- shaped sunglasses upon meeting for a tryst when their relationship became romantic.[7]Connections to the novel are much deeper than simply the "inside joke" between Manson and Wood of the obvious age difference and it should be noted that the heart- shaped sunglasses as associated with Lolita appear only in the promotional poster and cover of Stanley Kubrick's film adaptation of the novel, not actually in the film itself or in Nabokov's novel.[7]According to Manson, vampirism is just one of the dark |themes running through Eat Me, Drink Me. If I had to do a record review, I'd say it's got a cannibal, consumption, obsessive, violent- sex, romance angle, but with an upbeat swing to it." Aside from the obvious Lewis Carroll and Jesus Christ references, Manson says the album's title was also inspired by the story of Armin Meiwes, who placed an ad online for a person consenting to be eaten. The Vampire, whom Manson personified during "Eat Me, Drink Me", in one regard is an inversion of the mythology of Christ. ![]() This award program, established in 2004, honors up to 20 writing programs a year. As a term, “programs” is intended to be capacious in its application and includes. The Foundation Center is the world's leading source of information on philanthropy, fundraising, and grant programs. · An engineered version of the poliovirus has been in development for more than 20 years as a treatment for one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers, a.
David Bowie | Shop David Bowie’s new album ★ (Blackstar) in his official store. Descision Tree Javascriptsplash "anewcareerinanewtown" displays once every 0 hours until Tuesday, July 2. ![]() All day)User/register page issue- TEMPLATE- 4. Duke Divinity Crisis: The Documents Are Out. A source at DDS sends me the original e- mail exchanges that have caused the current crisis. Here they are, chronologically presented: 1. On Mon, Feb 6, 2. Bengals linebacker Vontaze Burfict, no stranger to unpaid time off, is has received a five-game suspension for a dirty hit laid on Chiefs fullback Anthony Sherman in. · Jazz icon George Duke dies at 67. Jazz musician George Duke died Monday at age 67. He had been battling chronic lymphocytic leukemia, according to his. Lisa Monaco, Former United States Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Advisor. AM, Anathea Portier- Young wrote: Dear Faculty Colleagues,On behalf of the Faculty Diversity and Inclusion Standing Committee, I strongly urge you to participate in the Racial Equity Institute Phase I Training planned for March 4 and 5. We have secured funding from the Provost to provide this training free to our community and we hope that this will be a first step in a longer process of working to ensure that DDS is an institution that is both equitable and anti- racist in its practices and culture. While a number of DDS faculty, staff, and students have been able to participate in REI training in recent years, we have never before hosted a training at DDS. Those who have participated in the training have described it as transformative, powerful, and life- changing. We recognize that it is a significant commitment of time; we also believe it will have great dividends for our community. Please find the registration link below. Details about room location will be announced soon. Duke Divinity School will host a Racial Equity Institute Phase I Training on March 4 and 5, 2. Participants should plan to attend both full days of training.“Racism is a fierce, ever- present, challenging force, one which has structured the thinking, behavior, and actions of individuals and institutions since the beginning of U. S. history. To understand racism and effectively begin dismantling it requires an equally fierce, consistent, and committed effort” (REI). Phase I provides foundational training in understanding historical and institutional racism. It helps individuals and organizations begin to “proactively understand and address racism, both in their organization and in the community where the organization is working.” It is the first step in a longer process. ALL Staff and Faculty are invited to register for this important event by which DDS can begin its own commitment to become an anti- racist institution. Workshop capacity is 4. Registration is FREE to DDS employees and students. Snacks, breakfast, and light lunch will be provided. A 7: 3. 0 am liturgy will precede the Sunday training for those who wish to participate. Child care can be made available upon request. From Paul Griffiths: Sent: Monday, February 0. PMTo: Anathea Portier- Young. Cc: Divinity Regular Rank Faculty; Divinity Visiting Other Faculty. Subject: Re: Racial Equity Institute Phase I Training–March 4- 5. Dear Faculty Colleagues,I’m responding to Thea’s exhortation that we should attend the Racial Equity Institute Phase 1 Training scheduled for 4- 5 March. In her message she made her ideological commitments clear. I’ll do the same, in the interests of free exchange. I exhort you not to attend this training. Don’t lay waste your time by doing so. It’ll be, I predict with confidence, intellectually flaccid: there’ll be bromides, clichés, and amen- corner rah- rahs in plenty. When (if) it gets beyond that, its illiberal roots and totalitarian tendencies will show. Events of this sort are definitively anti- intellectual. Re)trainings of intellectuals by bureaucrats and apparatchiks have a long and ignoble history; I hope you’ll keep that history in mind as you think about this instance. We here at Duke Divinity have a mission. Such things as this training are at best a distraction from it and at worst inimical to it. Our mission is to thnk, read, write, and teach about the triune Lord of Christian confession. This is a hard thing. Each of us should be tense with the effort of it, thrumming like a tautly triple- woven steel thread with the work of it, consumed by the fire of it, ever eager for more of it. We have neither time nor resources to waste. This training is a waste. Please, ignore it. Keep your eyes on the prize. Paul——————–Paul J. Griffiths. Warren Chair of Catholic Theology. Duke Divinity School. On the thread, a couple of DDS professors said that they were actually looking forward to the training. Then the Dean weighed in: 3. From Elaine Heath: On Behalf Of Elaine Heath, Ph. D. Sent: Monday, February 0. PMTo: Ray Barfield; Mary Fulkerson. Cc: Paul J. Griffiths; Anathea Portier- Young; Divinity Regular Rank Faculty; Divinity Visiting Other Faculty. Subject: Re: Racial Equity Institute Phase I Training–March 4- 5. Dear Colleagues,First, I am looking forward to participating in the REI training, and I am proud that we are hosting it at Duke Divinity School. Thea, thank you for your part in helping us to offer this important event. I am deeply committed to increasing our school’s intellectual strength, spiritual vitality, and moral authority, and this training event will help with all three. On another matter: It is certainly appropriate to use mass emails to share announcements or information that is helpful to the larger community, such as information about the REI training opportunity. It is inappropriate and unprofessional to use mass emails to make disparaging statements–including arguments ad hominem–in order to humiliate or undermine individual colleagues or groups of colleagues with whom we disagree. The use of mass emails to express racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry is offensive and unacceptable, especially in a Christian institution. As St. Paul wrote to the church in Corinth, regardless of how exquisite our gifts are, if we do not exercise them with love our words are just noise. Sincerely,Elaine A. Heath, Ph. D. Dean. Professor of Missional and Pastoral Theology. Divinity School. Duke University. Whoa, whoa, whoa! Do you see “racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry” in Griffiths’s message to his colleagues? Of course not, because it is not there! Objecting to this training as a waste of time is not racist, sexist, or bigoted in any way! The next e- mail makes this very point. From Thomas Pfau: On Behalf Of Thomas Pfau, Ph. D. Sent: Tuesday, February 0. PMTo: Ray Barfield; Mary Fulkerson; Elaine Heath, Ph. D. Cc: Paul J. Griffiths; Anathea Portier- Young; Divinity Regular Rank Faculty; Divinity Visiting Other Faculty. Subject: Re: Racial Equity Institute Phase I Training–March 4- 5. Dear Colleagues: Until now, I have never inserted myself into discussions internal to the DDS faculty, mainly because mine is a secondary appointment, and because my administrative obligations in Arts & Sciences are plentiful enough. Having greatly enjoyed and benefited from the opportunity to offer upper- level seminars in the Divinity School (and also advising some of the doctoral and MTS students in it), I do greatly care about the intellectual health and generosity of spirit that for much of my time here has characterized the Divinity School. So it is with deep care and enduring concern for an institution that over the years has become something of an intellectual asylum for me that I am now writing to offer a few thoughts on the email exchange below. My principal hope is to help us avoid slipping into merely polarizing views, with the steadily diminishing analytic yield that such a development typically entails. When I read Paul Griffiths’ email, I found myself fundamentally in agreement with his observations, and my agreement was not one of mere opinion or conjecture but very much steeped in first- hand experience as Director of Undergraduate Studies and Director of Graduate Studies in two departments and, currently, as department chair. For all these responsibilities have repeatedly brought me into direct contact with initiatives like the one about which Paul expresses such strong reservations. While other colleagues may have a less jaundiced appraisal of these efforts, it is demonstrably true that initiatives of the kind that prompted the present discussion have of late been proliferating at Duke to a degree s that one may well regard with concern and misgivings for multiple reasons. 23rd Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) EHP is pleased to present the abstracts from the 23rd Annual Conference of. NZD (New Zealand Dollar) - Latest News, Analysis and Forex. https://www.dailyfx.com/nzd Latest NZD market news, analysis and New Zealand Dollar trading forecast. · INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE. This issue of Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres contains the abstracts of the scientific contributions. Virucidal Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulization Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Two Surrogates of Human Norovirus. Paul Berg - Wikipedia. Paul Berg (born June 3. Americanbiochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. Blueprint for Black Power: A Moral, Political, and Economic Imperative for the Twenty-First Century by Amos N. Wilson pdf. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1. Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger.[4][5][6] The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids. Berg received his undergraduate education at Penn State University, where he majored in biochemistry. He received his Ph. D. in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1. Berg worked as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and Stanford University School of Medicine, in addition to serving as the director of the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Berg was presented with the National Medal of Science in 1. National Library of Medicine Medal in 1. Berg is a member of the Board of Sponsors for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[7]Early life and education[edit]Berg was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Sarah Brodsky, a homemaker, and Harry Berg, a clothing manufacturer.[8] Berg graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1. ![]() Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry from Penn State University in 1. Ph. D. in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1. He is a member of the Beta Sigma Rho fraternity[citation needed] (now Beta Sigma Beta). Research and career[edit]Academic posts[edit]After completing his graduate studies, Berg spent two years (1. American Cancer Society, working at the Institute of Cytophysiology in Copenhagen, Denmark and the Washington University School of Medicine, and spent additional time in 1. Scholar in Cancer Research with the Department of Microbiology at the Washington University School of Medicine.[1. He worked with Arthur Kornberg, while at Washington University.[1. Berg was also tenured as a research fellow at Clare Hall, Cambridge.[1. He was a professor at Washington University School of Medicine from 1. After 1. 95. 9, Berg moved to Stanford University, where he taught biochemistry from 1. Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine from 1. In 2. 00. 0 he retired from his administrative and teaching posts, continuing to be active in research.[1. Research interests[edit]Berg's postgraduate studies involved the use of radioisotope tracers to study intermediary metabolism. This resulted in the understanding of how foodstuffs are converted to cellular materials, through the use of isotopic carbons or heavy nitrogen atoms. Paul Berg's doctorate paper is now known as the conversion of formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol to fully reduced states of methyl groups in methionine. He was also one of the first to demonstrate that folic acid and B1. Berg is arguably most famous for his pioneering work involving gene splicing of recombinant DNA.[1. Berg was the first scientist to create a molecule containing DNA from two different species by inserting DNA from another species into a molecule. This gene- splicing technique was a fundamental step in the development of modern genetic engineering. After developing the technique, Berg used it for his studies of viral chromosomes.[1. Berg is currently a Professor Emeritus at Stanford.[1. As of 2. 00. 0, he stopped doing active research, to focus on other interests, including involvement in public policy for biomedical issues involving recombinant DNA and embryonic stem cells and publishing a book about geneticist George Beadle.[1. Berg is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists[1]. He was also an organizer of the Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA in 1. The previous year, Berg and other scientists had called for a voluntary moratorium on certain recombinant DNA research until they could evaluate the risks. That influential conference did evaluate the potential hazards and set guidelines for biotechnology research. It can be seen as an early application of the precautionary principle. Awards and honors[edit]Queen Beatrix meets Nobel laureates in 1. Mildred Levy and Paul Berg are second couple from the left. Nobel Prize[edit]Berg was awarded one- half of the 1. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, with the other half being shared by Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. Berg was recognized for "his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant DNA", while Sanger and Gilbert were honored for "their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids."[1. Other awards and honors[edit]He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1. In 1. 98. 3, Ronald Reagan presented Berg with the National Medal of Science. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (For. Mem. RS) in 1. 99. In 2. 00. 5 he was awarded the Biotechnology Heritage Award by the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF).[2. In 2. 00. 6 he received Wonderfest's Carl Sagan Prize for Science Popularization.[2. References[edit]^Elizabeth H. Oakes (2. 00. 7). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 1. 43. 81. 18. Curriculum vitae from the Nobel Prize website^Berg autobiography from the Nobel Prize website^Berg interview from the Nobel Prize website^Paul Berg Papers^How. Stuff. Works "Paul Berg". Science. howstuffworks. Retrieved on 2. 01. Hargittai, István. The road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, science, and scientists", p. Oxford University Press, 2. ISBN 0- 1. 9- 8. 50. X. Accessed September 2. Arthur Kornberg (M5. Jerome Karle (C8. Paul Berg (C8. 0) all went to the Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn."^ abc"Paul Berg – Curriculum Vitae". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Paul Berg". How. Stuff. Works. Retrieved 2. Research Focus | Clare Hall". Singer, Maxine; Berg, Pam (1. Genes and genomes. Mill Valley, Ca.: University Science Books. ISBN 0. 93. 57. 02. Carey, Jr., Charles W. American scientists. New York, NY: Facts on File. ISBN 9. 78- 0. 81. Paul Berg". Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 5 May 2. Award Ceremony Speech". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. CAP – Paul Berg". Stanford University. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Book of Members, 1. Chapter B"(PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved June 1. Professor Paul Berg For. Mem. RS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2. Biotechnology Heritage Award". Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 5 February 2. Gussman, Neil (1. April 2. 00. 5). "Paul Berg to Receive 2. Biotechnology Heritage Award". PR News. Wire. Retrieved 5 February 2. Sagan Prize Recipients". Retrieved September 1. External links[edit]. Answers to Problems Answers to all the problems are given below. For each problem two results are given: the displacements and the reactions. Problem 2.1. Project-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which it is believed that students acquire a deeper. SCA Induction Ceremony. All SCA reps, officers and executive council members are invited to the SCA Induction Ceremony. Thursday, September 21, 2017 from 7pm-8pm in. Proof of Results. Our numbers speak for themselves—statistically significant results where you need them. Concepts and Problem Solving; Computation. DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MODEL OF PROBLEM SOLVING FOR EGYPTIAN SCIENCE CLASSESEducators and policymakers envision the future of education in Egypt as enabling learners to acquire scientific inquiry and problem- solving skills. In this article, we describe the validation of a model for problem solving and the design of instruments for evaluating new teaching methods in Egyptian science classes. The instruments were based on an established model for problem solving and were designed to assess seventh grade students’ problem solving, experimental strategy knowledge, achievement and motivation towards science. The test for assessing students’ knowledge has been developed based on the topic, density and buoyancy which will be taught in seventh grade in a later intervention study. The instruments were partly self- developed and partly adapted from newly performed studies on strategy knowledge and problem solving in Germany. All instruments were translated into Arabic; the translation process and quality control are described. In order to determine the quality of the instruments, 4. A guide from Purdue University on using MLA guidelines in research papers, and citing all sources from a single book to government documents. We, the community of Sacred Heart, envision a school: Where student's self-esteem is enhanced and high academic standards are expected and encouraged. Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or record keeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. FileName Description File Type; pearson texas envision math 20 grade k volume 1 topics 1 8 9780328767199 0328767190: Description About pearson texas envision math 20. ![]() ![]() Egypt completed the questionnaires and tests. The study’s aim to develop and validate the instruments did require an ad hoc and typical sample which was drawn from an accessible population. Accordingly, the characteristics of the sample are described. Data were analysed according to the classical test theory, but to underpin the results, the instruments were additionally analysed using the even stronger Rasch model. The findings demonstrated the reliability of the items and aspects of validity. In addition, this study showed how test items can be successfully developed and adapted in an international study and applied in a different language. KEY WORDSmotivation problem solving reliability scientific inquiry strategy knowledge validity. |
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